Cooling curve Essays

Cooling curve Essays Cooling curve Paper Cooling curve Paper A cooling curve is actually a line graph representing the change in the state of matter of a substance, either from solid to liquid or liquid to solid. In this graph, time is usually represented on the x axis and temperature on the y axis. The particles in the wax in the solid state slowly start to get more energy when heated and start to move more rapidly at a certain temperature and then change to liquid. When it has to change from liquid to solid, the particles in the wax start to lose energy and come close together till they become solid. VARIABLES: Independent Dependant Controlled Temperature change Time taken for wax to solidify Environmental change, amount of wax taken. APPARATUS: Boiling tube Beaker 250 cm3 (i 25 cm3) Thermometer range 10i C to 110i C (i 0. 5i C) Clamp stand Bunsen burner Tripod stand Wire gauge Paraffin wax Water for water bath (in beaker) Stopwatch (i 0. 1 seconds) METHOD (GIVEN): 1) Heat half a beaker of water to about 90i C. 2) Clamp a boiling tube with paraffin wax in it and put it in hot water with the thermometer. 3) Measure the temperature of molten wax and start your stopwatch. 4) Record the temperature at suitable time intervals till all the wax solidifies completely. 5) Present your results suitably and interpret these in terms of the concepts youve learned so far. OBSERVATIONS: Amount of water (ml) Initial Temperature (Trial 1) (i C) Initial Temperature (Trial 2) (i C) Water Temperature (i C) Time intervals (s) Temperature (Trial 1) (i C) Temperature (Tria C respectively, it started to go clear gradually, until it melted completely at 62. 5i C and 63. 0i C respectively at which point, it was completely transparent. As it start freezing, at 48. 0i C and 50. 5i C respectively, it started to gain its original greyish colour and it froze completely at 50. 0i C and 53. 0i C respectively, it was completely opaque. GRAPHS: Trial 1: Trial 2: ANALYSIS: From the above graphs, we can see that the temperature of the wax in the test tube keeps falling until a certain point where it becomes a constant value and then continues to fall. The particles of wax that are held together by weaker intermolecular forces need to a particular temperature at which all the bonds can become stronger so as to change its state. When heat is taken away from a liquid substance, the energy supplied to it drops and thus, the particles do not have enough energy to collide with each other and move far apart. Thus, the particles come closer to each other and the intermolecular forces become stronger. The temperature required for bonds to form in a particular substance is the same for all particles in that substance and thus, the temperature of the wax remains constant throughout a certain period when all bonds are formed, changing the state of the substance. This shows that the wax used in the experiment was a pure substance as it has been proven that a substance is pure only if its melting/boiling point is a constant. The temperature fell rapidly in the initial stages because very few bonds or no bonds could be formed due to such a high temperature. Later, as the temperature drops, the numbers of bonds formed become comparatively higher and thus, the temperature starts to fall slowly. Once the whole substances solidifies, all the bonds have been formed and thus, the particles of the substance have a very low energy because of which they cant collide and generate heat. Thus, the temperature of the substance continues to fall. POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ERROR: The reading taken from the thermometer may not have been completely accurate throughout the experiment. As the experiment was conducted in an air-conditioned room, this could have affected the experiment. The time taken from the stopwatch wouldnt be completely accurate. CONCLUSION: From this experiment, we can conclude that the temperature required for bonds to form in a particular substance is the same for all particles in that substance. This rule applies to all pure substances as all particles in a pure substance are the same and thus, they bond at the same temperature, as in this experiment. An impure substance would contain other substances and thus, the particles would bond at different temperatures and the boiling/melting point wouldnt be a constant.

Short Personal Essay Thesis Sentence

Short Personal Essay Thesis Sentence The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.- Aristotle Why do famous quotes become famous? What is special about them? If you think about it, famous quotes are succinct statements that make a bold claim. A thesis statement should do the same thing. It should state a big idea in just a few words. Example #1 Consider this quote: He who opens a school door, closes a prison. - Victor Hugo This statement manages to encapsulate an enormous argument in one terse comment, and that is your goal when writing a thesis statement. If Victor Hugo had wanted to use simpler words, he could have said: Education is important for personal growth and awareness.Social awareness develops from education.Education can reform. Notice that each of these statements, like the quote, makes a claim that can be backed up with evidence? Example #2 Heres another quote:Â  Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. - Winston Churchill Once again, the statement sets up an argument in interesting but terse language. Churchill might have said: Everybody fails, but successful people fail many times.You can learn from failure if you dont give up. A Word of Advice When creating a thesis, you dont have to use colorful words like the ones that appear in famous quotes. But you should try to sum up a big idea or make a big claim in one sentence. Activity Just for fun, look over the following quotes and come up with your own versions that could work as a thesis statement. By studying these quotes and practicing in this way, you can develop your own ability to sum up your thesis in a brief but engaging sentence. Bette Davis: Attempt the impossible in order to improve your work.Henry Ford: Before everything else, getting ready is the secret of success.Carl Sagan: In order to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe. The most successful students know that practice always pays. You can read more famous quotes to get the hang of creating concise, engaging statements.

Into the Fray Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Into the Fray - Case Study Example In my opinion, Danielle demonstrates the completely legitimate political behavior. After she has attempted to establish a professional relationship with Michael and upon his refusal and inaction, she has no reason to regard Michael as an ally. Still, the communication she has with Michael and his subordinates is straightforward by emailing and meetings proposals. The problem with political behavior is not with Danielle’s moves, but with Michael’s disregard of â€Å"social alliances that make an organization run†. Therefore rumors and interpretations make Danielle's behavior seem threatening and illegitimate. The only problem is that Danielle is acting and connecting to people in order to obtain the desired position, and Michael is not.First of all, Michael should decide whether or not he wants a career at Lafleur (Hassan). If he does, then his ambition should be long-term oriented and he and his family should judge as to what the best move for Michael is. If he r eally wants to develop in Lafleur, then he should take this opportunity seriously and discuss the personal implications with his family. Michael lacks international experience and the China position is an opportunity for him to develop his leadership abilities in networking and grow in the company. What is more, CEO’s proposition is only indicative that Michael is not the best candidate for Beaumont's place right now, but it also proves Pierre’s trust in Michael’s abilities and his desire to keep Michael motivated and within the company.

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Question - Essay Example The study by Rabinowitz et al. (2005) offers a systematic review of the literature of animal sentinel to identify evidence that relates such events to the health of human beings. A weakness of this study was that it could not assess the factors causing failure of the animal sentinel studies to use cohort and case-control methods more. Such approaches prove time-consuming and expensive compared to such other methods as the aggregate and cross-sectional study designs. Funding limitations may possibly have influenced the choices of study methods of animal sentinel. Another weakness of this study is that its small sample size affects its capacity to offer valid evidence. The strength of this study is that the authors have suggested a set of linkage points which are helpful for the assessment of evidence to bridge an event of animal sentinel to the human health. The research recognized gaps in the existing knowledge like shared outcomes, inadequate shared exposures’ documentation, and the relative vulnerability between humans and animals for the hazards of

Revenge and Hatred in Sylvia Plaths Daddy Essay -- Sylvia Plath Daddy

Revenge and Hatred in Plath's Daddy The power of Plath's Daddy to threaten, shock and move the reader remains undiminished, years after it was written. To the unsuspecting reader, the experience of first reading "Daddy" is a confusion of discomfort, excitement and guilty pleasure, for the pleasures of revenge are said to be sweet, and this is a revenge poem of the first rank. Revenge upon whom? Father? Perhaps, more likely, upon her husband. And her aim was true, for if anything Plath wrote damaged Ted Hughes for posterity, "Daddy" is it. From this poem, we gather our indelible impressions of Hughes as a brute, a wife beater, a vampire, even an implied racist and murderer (if we extend the Hitler metaphor to its fullest implications) . . . on and on. The controversial Holocaust imagery can be directly linked to the period in which the poem was written. In 1961, the entire world was riveted by the Jerusalem trial of Nazi SS Lieutenant Colonel Adolph Eichmann (who was executed in 1962, a few months before "Daddy" was written). This was the first televised trial in history, an...

Fremount High School Jonathan Kozol Essay

Jonathan Kozol is a well-known advocate for social injustice and public education. He is an educator, activist, and writer. He advocates through his writing. One of his articles was about a High school in a well-recognized city across the United States of America. The 8 page article referring to Fremont High School, Fremont High school is between San Pedro Street and Avalon Boulevard in South central Los Angeles. In this city, Fremont High School is known as a friendly school, with an eight hour schedule. Jonathan Kozol visited Fremont high during the spring of 2003. An eight foot high fence with spikes on the top, are what separate Fremont High from the city. School windows are shielded or boarded from gunfire to keep the students safe. Some classes are taught in portables or storage rooms. Some storage rooms do not even have windows and this is where the students are being taught. Students at Fremont are given thirty minutes for lunch and are all fed together at the same time. Many students don’t even bother to eat, due to the limited time they get and the conditions they are in. Rodents run freely in Fremont high. Hamburger buns have rat bite marks and rat droppings have been found around the school. Fremount High School Jonathan Kozol At Fremont only one or two bathrooms are operational and there are fifteen bathrooms short that are required by the law. Since there only a few restrooms available the lines are tremendously long, students don’t get to use the bathroom at times, and are usually late for class. In most cases the facilities are unclean and lacking basic toiletries. Some parts of the high school lacks proper ventilation system for students such air conditioning; students have been known to turn red and nauseated. Also students who want certain classes such as the advanced placement courses and college courses are not able to get them. The library is almost always closed throughout the year. Conclusively, two thirds of ninth of grade students drop out before receiving a diploma or reaching the twelfth grade. Ironically, Fremont High School is known as the friendly school of South Central Los Angeles. However this high school shouldn’t be even considered to be a functional public facility, let alone be open as a learning establishment. Imagine not having basic toiletries, not having enough time to eat or being taught in small storage closet without ventilation. I can understand and doesn’t surprise my why so many students drop out from Fremont High. It hurts to hear what those students face on a daily basis. While I was reading this article about this terrible school, the words sickened me. It left me feeling shocked and wanting to find out more about this school. So I did, I found out that Fremont high closed at one point for reconstruction a year or two after this article and is open now. Almost everything that had a negative effect such conditions changed as well as some new curricular courses. My conclusion on the article that Jonathan Kozol wrote referring to Fremont High is that this article was needed to help make a positive change in the education Fremont provided. The conditions of the school were improved and they are working on ways to help students stay in school and not drop out. Before the conditions were improved, I could hardly believe that a school being in the U. S could have such terrible conditions and still be open. At the time of this article was written Fremont high was a bad school, not in the sense that the teachers didn’t care for the students or the students missed behaved, but in the sense that government needed to provide more funds to the school to help the school function properly. In time the school closed for reconstruction for a few months, and now students are attending the school right now in adequate learning conditions. When people say Jonathan Kozol is an advocate for public education it’s the truth because without this article much of the public would have not known about the problems occurring in Fremont High. I believe he deserves much more recognition in the things he does to help in prove the learning of others. He is a great example of how one person can make a change for the good of others.

Why Was Responsible For The End Of Reconstruction

Death, something saddening to many nutrol for others, but what about if it s the death of an era not a person. The question is, who was responsible for the ending of Reconstruction (To rebuild/fixing after war): Northern Neglect or Southern Resistance? Though there is no question. The North’s neglecting to the south was a primary reason for the ending of reconstruction because during that era a large percentile of the North made up the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), which that specific group was largely opposed to the reconstruction of the South as well as they were supremacist; which means, â€Å"an advocate of the supremacy of a particular group, especially one determined by race or sex. or relating to or advocating supremacy of a particular group.† The KKK were so opposed to slavery, and the reconstruction that they went as far as to kill many southern congressmen just because they were pro-reconstruction (Doc. B). The other reason that the north was primarily responsible for t he ending of reconstruction was the fact that the north got to the point where they started neglecting the south and putting the reconstruction as their last priority (Doc. D). The north did this from getting tired of fixing south’s problems (Doc. C), along with many other reasons. The north could have helped the reconstruction with so much, but they gave up, they gave up on part of their country. They quit something that could have changed history. Though if they didn’t quit how would the world be today.Show MoreRelatedWhy the Reconstruction Stopped After the Civil War Essay678 Words   |  3 PagesReconstruction has been brutally murdered! For a little over a decade after the Civil War, the victorious North launched a campaign of social, economic, and political recovery in the former Confederacy and to readmit the land in the former Confederacy back into the United States as states. 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